- Robber
Barons
- a
term used for a powerful 19th century American businessman. By the 1890s,
the term was typically applied to businessmen who were viewed as having
used questionable practices to obtain their wealth
- Negative
perception of Captains of Industry
- Andrew
Carnegie
- a
Scottish-American industrialist who led the enormous expansion of the
American steel industry in the late 19th century. He built Pittsburgh's
Carnegie Steel Company, which was later merged with Elbert H. Gary's Federal Steel Company and several smaller companies to create U.S. Steel.
- J.P.
Morgan
- an
American financier, banker and art collector who dominated corporate
finance and industrial consolidation during his time. In 1892 Morgan
arranged the merger of Edison General Electric and Thomson-Houston
Electric Company to form General Electric. After financing the creation of
the Federal Steel Company he merged in 1901 with the Carnegie Steel
Company and several other steel and iron businesses
- John
D. Rockefeller
- was
an American oil industrialist, investor, and philanthropist. He was the
founder of the Standard Oil Company, which dominated the oil industry and
was the first great U.S. business trust.
- William
Henry
Vanderbilt - His
father started him out at just 19 as a clerk in a New York banking house.
- He
joined the executive of the Staten Island Railway. He was made President
in 1862. Then Vice-President of the New York Central and Hudson River
Railroad
- He
eventually became President of the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern
Railway, the Canada Southern Railway, and the Michigan Central Railroad
- Labor
Unions
- Knights
of Labor
- The
Knights of Labor was the largest and one of the most important American
labor organizations of the 1880s. Its most important leader was Terence V.
Powderly. The Knights promoted the social and cultural uplift of the
workingman, rejected Socialism and radicalism, demanded the eight-hour
day, and promoted the producers ethic of republicanism. They formed as a
response to the oppressive actions of business as a means to improve the
lot of the “industrial” worker. The demise began because of the Haymarket
Square Riot.
- American
Federation
of Labor - was
founded in Columbus, Ohio in December 1886 by an alliance of craft unions
disaffected from the Knights of Labor, a national labor association.
Samuel Gompers of the Cigar Makers' International Union was elected
president of the Federation at its founding convention and was reelected
every year except one until his death in 1924. The AFL was the largest
union grouping in the United States for the first half of the 20th century
- Gospel
of Wealth
- an
article written by Andrew Carnegie in 1889 that described the
responsibility of philanthropy by the new upper class of self-made rich.
The central thesis of
Carnegie's essay was to allow the large sums of money to be
passed into the hands of
persons or organizations ill-equipped mentally or emotionally to cope with
them
- Social
Darwinism
- a
modern name given to various theories of society that emerged in England
and the United States in the 1870s, and allegedly sought to apply
biological concepts to sociology and politics. The term social Darwinism
became widespread when used to oppose earlier ideology, many such views
stressed competition between individuals in laissez-faire capitalism; but
the ideology also motivated ideas of scientific racism, imperialism, fascism,
Nazism and struggle between national or racial groups
- Survival
of the fittest
- Social
Gospel
- a
Protestant Christian intellectual movement that was most prominent in the
early 20th century United States and Canada.
- The
movement applied Christian ethics to social problems, especially issues of
social justice such as excessive wealth, poverty, alcoholism, crime,
racial tensions, slums, bad hygiene, child labor, inadequate labor unions,
poor schools, and the danger of war.
- Theologically,
the Social Gospellers sought to operationalize the Lord's Prayer
- Sherman
Anti-trust Act
- a
landmark federal statute
- The
first to limit cartels and monopolies
- competition
law passed by Congress in 1890.
- It
prohibits certain business activities
- Reduces
competition- marketplace requires the US federal governmentto investigate
and pursue trusts, companies, and organizations suspected of being in
violation
- Still
forms the basis for most antitrust litigation
- Interstate
Commerce Commission
- was
a regulatory body in the United States created by the Interstate Commerce
Act of 1887.
- The
agency's original purpose was to regulate railroads to ensure fair rates
and to eliminate rate discrimination
- Immigration
1800-1920
- Eastern
immigration, immigration took place in order to escape religious
persecution and programs.
- Nativism
meant that the people already established did not want the new people
coming in because they would take jobs and land.
- “Urban
slums” is the slang term for the Settlement Houses
- Settlement
Houses/
Jane Addams - Jane
Addams was pioneer
settlement worker,
- founder
of Hull House in Chicago,
- public
philosopher,
- sociologist, author, and
- leader
in woman suffrage and world peace.
- Beside presidents such as Theodore
Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson,
- most
prominent reformer of the Progressive Era
- helped
turn the nation to issues of concern to mothers, such as the needs of
children, public health, and world peace.
Thursday, May 17, 2012
Goal Five
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