Goal Two

•      American System

•      Proposed by Henry Clay

•      Revival of Hamilton Plan

–     Protective tariffs

–     National Bank

–     Internal improvements (canals, roads, etc.)

•      Missouri Compromise

•      Prohibited slavery north of the parallel 36°30′ north

•      Missouri would enter as a slave state

•      Maine would enter as a free state

•      Monroe Doctrine

•      a policy of U.S opposition to any European interference in the affairs of the Western Hemisphere, announced by President Monroe in 1823

•      Eli Whitney/ Cotton Kingdom

•      Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin, which revolutionized the southern economy

•      South called “Cotton Kingdom”  because it became the leading producer of cotton in the world and had its whole economy dependent on cotton production

•      Spoil System

•      the practice of winning candidates rewarding their supporters with government jobs

•      Andrew Jackson

•      Indian Removal

•      Indian Removal Act 1830: Government provided funds to negotiate treaties that would force the Native Americans to move west.

•      Signed by President Andrew Jackson

•       West of the Mississippi River

•      Strongly supported by the South

•      Trail of Tears

•      Trail of Tears: 800 mile trip to move the Cherokee tribe west of the Mississippi.

•      The forced removal of Native Americans from states after the passage of the Indian Removal Act

•      4,000-15,000 Cherokees died.

•      Worcester v. Georgia

•      Supreme Court ruled that Georgia was not entitled to regulate the Cherokee nor to invade their lands.

•      Tariff Controversy

•      Tariff of Abominations (Tariff of 1828)

–     Tax on imports/ Only benefited North

•      States wanted to nullify the tariff based on their constitutional right to declare a law invalid

•      Force Acts allowed Jackson to use federal troops against states

•      Resolution:

–     Henry Clay proposed a compromise in which the tariffs would be gradually lowered

•      Pet Banks

•      Jackson placed all federal money in state banks which he controlled

•      Eventually most banks failed

•      Specie Circular Act: government land had to be paid with gold or silver

•      Mexican War

Causes:

•      Annexation of Texas

•      President Polk wanted to control California and make it a state in order to fulfill Manifest Destiny

–     the US annexed Texas after it won independence from Mexico

•      Boundary Dispute: US thought the southern boundary of Texas was the Rio Grande River while Mexico declared it at the Nueces River further north

•      Course

•      US forces quickly occupied New Mexico and California and then invaded Northern Mexico while the Pacific Squadron carried out a blockade. Mexico refused to surrender its northern territories in response, the US invaded and captured Mexico City thus ending the war

•      Consequences

•      US gained 525,000 square miles of new land

•      US suffered heavy losses: 13,000 dead with most killed due to disease

•      Set precedent for how to deal with Mexico and Latin American countries

•      Out of the war, many heroes emerged that would later play a substantial role in the Civil War